Final Note
An immediate threshold amount of increase in muscle carnitine concentration can be had with administration of highly bioavailable Synthetine™ (sterile L-Carnitine) with insulin or oral ingestion of two high glycemic index drinks such as SyntheDEXTRIN™ (Maltodextrin Pure Carbohydrate).
An accumulation strategy of daily oral ingestion of low bioavailable l-carnitine with oral ingestion of two high glycemic index drinks such as SyntheDEXTRIN™ (Maltodextrin Pure Carbohydrate) will lead to a threshold amount of muscle carnitine concentration within 100 days.
These strategies should enable reversing the switch – Turning up the rate of fat oxidation & turning down the rate of carbohydrate oxidation.
Stephen’s Group (Centre for Integrated Systems Biology and Medicine) research:
Insulin stimulates L-carnitine accumulation in human skeletal muscle, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Laithwaite D, Simpson EJ & Greenhaff PL, FASEB J 20, 2006 377–379
An Acute Increase in Skeletal Muscle Carnitine Content Alters Fuel Metabolism in Resting Human Skeletal Muscle, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Laithwaite D, Simpson EJ & Greenhaff PL, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91, 2006 5013–5018
A threshold exists or the stimulatory effect of insulin on plasma L-carnitine clearance in humans, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Laithwaite D, Simpson EJ & Greenhaff PL, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, Feb 2007; 292: E637 – E641
Carbohydrate ingestion augments L-carnitine retention in humans, Stephens FB, Evans CE, Constantin-Teodosiu D & Greenhaff PL, J Appl Physiol 102, 2007 1065–1070
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